Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru cyane nabwo bwitwa ubushyuhe bwimbaraga. Ukurikije imiterere ya matrix, ibikoresho birashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bitatu: bishingiye kuri fer ishingiye kuri nikel na chromium. Ukurikije uburyo bwo kubyaza umusaruro, irashobora kugabanywa muri superalloy deformed na cast superalloy.
Nibikoresho byingirakamaro mubutaka bwikirere. Nibikoresho byingenzi kubushyuhe bwo hejuru igice cya moteri yo mu kirere no mu ndege. Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mugukora urugereko rwaka, icyuma cya turbine, icyuma kiyobora, compressor na disiki ya turbine, dosiye ya turbine nibindi bice. Ubushyuhe bwa serivisi ni 600 ℃ - 1200 ℃. Guhangayikishwa nibidukikije biratandukanye nibice byakoreshejwe. Hano haribisabwa bikomeye kubijyanye nubukanishi, umubiri nubumara bya aliyumu. Nibintu byingenzi kumikorere, kwizerwa nubuzima bwa moteri. Kubwibyo, superalloy ni umwe mu mishinga yingenzi yubushakashatsi mu bijyanye n’ikirere n’ingabo z’igihugu mu bihugu byateye imbere.
Ibyingenzi byingenzi bya superalloys ni:
1. Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru buvanze nicyumba cyo gutwika
Icyumba cyo gutwika (nanone kizwi nka flame tube) ya moteri yindege ya turbine nimwe mubintu byingenzi bigize ubushyuhe bwo hejuru. Kubera ko atomisiyo ya lisansi, kuvanga amavuta na gaze nibindi bikorwa bikorerwa mucyumba cyaka, ubushyuhe ntarengwa mu cyumba cyaka bushobora kugera kuri 1500 ℃ - 2000 and, kandi ubushyuhe bwurukuta mucyumba cyaka bushobora kugera kuri 1100 ℃. Muri icyo gihe, ifite kandi ubushyuhe bwumuriro na gaze. Moteri nyinshi zifite umuvuduko mwinshi / uburemere bukoresha ibyumba byo gutwika buri mwaka, bifite uburebure buke nubushobozi buke. Ubushyuhe ntarengwa mucyumba cyaka bugera kuri 2000 and, naho ubushyuhe bwurukuta bugera kuri 1150 ℃ nyuma ya firime ya gaz cyangwa gukonjesha. Ubushyuhe bunini hagati yibice bitandukanye bizabyara ubushyuhe bwumuriro, buzamuka kandi bugabanuke cyane mugihe leta ikora ihindutse. Ibikoresho bizaterwa nubushyuhe bwumuriro nuburemere bwumuriro, kandi hazabaho kugoreka, gucamo nandi makosa. Muri rusange, urugereko rwo gutwika rukozwe mu rupapuro, kandi ibisabwa bya tekiniki byavunaguwe mu buryo bukurikira ukurikije uko serivisi zitangirwa mu bice bimwe na bimwe: ifite imbaraga zo kurwanya okiside hamwe no kurwanya ruswa mu bihe byo gukoresha amavuta yo mu rwego rwo hejuru na gaze; Ifite imbaraga zako kanya no kwihangana, imikorere yumunaniro wumuriro hamwe na coefficient yo kwaguka; Ifite plastike ihagije hamwe nubushobozi bwo gusudira kugirango itunganyirizwe, ikora kandi ihuze; Ifite gahunda ihamye yumuteguro munsi yubushyuhe kugirango ikore ibikorwa byizewe mubuzima bwa serivisi.
a. MA956 alloy porous laminate
Mubyiciro byambere, laminate yamenetse yakozwe mumpapuro ya HS-188 ivanze no gukwirakwiza nyuma yo gufotorwa, gutondekwa, gusya no gukubitwa. Igice cyimbere gishobora gukorwa muburyo bwiza bwo gukonjesha ukurikije ibisabwa. Iyi miterere ikonjesha ikenera gusa 30% ya gaze yo gukonjesha ya firime gakondo ikonjesha, ishobora kuzamura imikorere yumuriro wa moteri, kugabanya ubushobozi nyabwo bwo gutwara ubushyuhe bwibikoresho byo mucyumba cyaka, kugabanya uburemere, no kongera uburemere-uburemere Ikigereranyo. Kugeza ubu, biracyakenewe gucamo ikoranabuhanga ryingenzi mbere yuko rishyirwa mubikorwa. Laminate yuzuye ikozwe muri MA956 ni igisekuru gishya cyibikoresho byo gutwika ibyumba byatangijwe na Amerika, bishobora gukoreshwa kuri 1300 ℃.
b. Gushyira mubikorwa bya ceramic mubyumba byo gutwika
Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika zatangiye kugenzura niba bishoboka gukoresha ububumbyi bwa turbine ya gaze kuva mu 1971. Mu 1983, amatsinda amwe yagize uruhare mu iterambere ry’ibikoresho bigezweho muri Amerika yashyizeho urutonde rw’ibipimo ngenderwaho kuri turbine zikoreshwa mu ndege zateye imbere. Ibi bipimo ni: kongera ubushyuhe bwa turbine kugera kuri 2200 ℃; Kora munsi yumuriro wo kubara imiti; Kugabanya ubucucike bukoreshwa kuri ibi bice kuva 8g / cm3 kugeza 5g / cm3; Kureka gukonjesha ibice. Kugirango ibyo bisabwa byuzuzwe, ibikoresho byizwe birimo grafite, materique yicyuma, materique ceramic matricike hamwe nibindi bivangavanze hiyongereyeho ceramique yicyiciro kimwe. Ibikoresho bya Ceramic matrix (CMC) bifite ibyiza bikurikira:
Kwiyongera kwingirakamaro yibikoresho bya ceramique ni bito cyane kuruta ibya nikel ishingiye kuri nikel, kandi gutwikira biroroshye gukuramo. Gukora ceramic compte hamwe nicyuma giciriritse cyunvikana gishobora kunesha inenge ya flake, nicyerekezo cyiterambere cyibikoresho byo gutwika. Ibi bikoresho birashobora gukoreshwa hamwe na 10% - 20% yumuyaga ukonje, kandi ubushyuhe bwinyuma yicyuma bugera kuri 800 only gusa, kandi ubushyuhe bwo gutwara ubushyuhe buri munsi cyane ugereranije nubukonje butandukanye hamwe no gukonjesha firime. Cast superalloy B1900 + ceramic coating kurinda tile ikoreshwa muri moteri ya V2500, kandi icyerekezo cyiterambere ni ugusimbuza B1900 (hamwe na ceramic coating) tile hamwe na SiC ishingiye kuri anti-okiside C / C. Ceramic matrix compte ni ibikoresho byiterambere byicyumba cyo gutwika moteri hamwe nuburemere bwa 15-20, naho ubushyuhe bwa serivisi ni 1538 ℃ - 1650 ℃. Ikoreshwa kuri flame tube, urukuta rureremba na nyuma yo gutwika.
2. Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru buvanze kuri turbine
Icyuma cya moteri ya Aero-moteri ni kimwe mu bigize ibintu bitwara ubushyuhe bukabije hamwe n’ibidukikije bikora nabi muri moteri ya aero-moteri. Igomba kwihanganira imihangayiko nini kandi igoye munsi yubushyuhe bwo hejuru, bityo ibikoresho byayo birakenewe cyane. Superalloys ya blade ya moteri ya turbine igabanijwemo:
a.Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru buvanze
Deflector ni kimwe mu bice bya moteri ya turbine yibasiwe cyane nubushyuhe. Iyo gutwika kutaringaniye bibaye mucyumba cyo gutwika, umutwaro wo gushyushya icyiciro cya mbere uyobora vane ni nini, niyo mpamvu nyamukuru yo kwangirika kwinzira. Ubushyuhe bwa serivisi bwayo buri hejuru ya 100 ℃ kurenza iy'icyuma cya turbine. Itandukaniro nuko ibice bihagaze bitagengwa nuburemere bwimashini. Mubisanzwe, biroroshye gutera impagarara zumuriro, kugoreka, umunaniro wumuriro hamwe no gutwikwa kwaho biterwa nubushyuhe bwihuse. Ubuyobozi bwa vane alloy bugomba kugira ibintu bikurikira: imbaraga zubushyuhe zihagije, gukora neza guhoraho hamwe nubushuhe bwiza bwumuriro wumuriro, kurwanya okiside nyinshi hamwe no kwangirika kwamashyanyarazi, guhangayikishwa nubushyuhe bwumuriro, imbaraga zoguhindura imikorere, uburyo bwiza bwo guterana muburyo bwo gukora no gusudira, no gukingira ibikorwa.
Kugeza ubu, moteri nyinshi zateye imbere zifite umuvuduko mwinshi / uburemere bukoresha ibyuma bitoboye, hamwe nicyerekezo kimwe hamwe na kirisiti ya nikel ishingiye kuri superalloys yatoranijwe. Moteri ifite igipimo kinini-gifite uburemere ifite ubushyuhe buke bwa 1650 ℃ - 1930 ℃ kandi igomba gukingirwa nubushyuhe bwumuriro. Ubushyuhe bwa serivisi ya blade ivanze no gukonjesha no gukingira ibicuruzwa birenga 1100 ℃, ibyo bikaba bitanga ibisabwa bishya kandi byisumbuyeho kubiciro byubushyuhe bwubushyuhe bwibikoresho byifashishwa mu gihe kizaza.
b. Superalloys ya turbine
Turbine ibyuma nibyingenzi byingenzi bitwara ubushyuhe buzenguruka ibice bya moteri. Ubushyuhe bwabo bwo gukora ni 50 ℃ - 100 ℃ munsi yicyuma kiyobora. Zifite impungenge zikomeye za centrifugal, guhangayikishwa no guhindagurika, guhangayikishwa nubushyuhe, guhumeka ikirere nizindi ngaruka iyo zizunguruka, kandi akazi kameze nabi. Ubuzima bwa serivisi bwibice bishyushye bya moteri hamwe na moteri yo hejuru / uburemere burenze 2000h. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ibishishwa bya turbine bigomba kugira imbaraga nyinshi zo guhangana no guturika ku bushyuhe bwa serivisi, ibintu byiza byo mu rwego rwo hejuru kandi biciriritse, urugero nk'umunaniro mwinshi kandi muto, umunaniro ukonje kandi ushushe, plastike ihagije n'ingaruka zikomeye, hamwe no kumva neza; Kurwanya okiside nyinshi no kurwanya ruswa; Amashanyarazi meza yubushyuhe hamwe na coefficient nkeya yo kwagura umurongo; Imikorere myiza yo gukina; Iterambere ryigihe kirekire, nta TCP yimvura igwa kubushyuhe bwa serivisi. Amavuta akoreshwa anyura mu byiciro bine; Porogaramu zivanze zahinduwe zirimo GH4033, GH4143, GH4118, nibindi; Ikoreshwa rya casting alloy ririmo K403, K417, K418, K405, zahabu ikomeye DZ4, DZ22, icyuma kimwe cya kirisiti DD3, DD8, PW1484, nibindi. Ubushinwa bumwe rukumbi bwa kirisiti DD3 na DD8 bikoreshwa muri Turbine y'Ubushinwa, moteri ya turbofan, kajugujugu na moteri itwara ubwato.
3. Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru buvanze kuri disiki ya turbine
Disiki ya turbine niyo ihindagurika cyane izenguruka igice cya moteri ya turbine. Ubushyuhe bwakazi bwuruziga rwa moteri hamwe nuburemere bwibipimo bya 8 na 10 bigera kuri 650 ℃ na 750 and, naho ubushyuhe bwikiziga hagati ni 300 ℃, hamwe nubushyuhe bunini butandukanye. Mugihe cyo kuzunguruka bisanzwe, ituma icyuma kizunguruka ku muvuduko mwinshi kandi gifite imbaraga nyinshi zidasanzwe, imbaraga zumuriro hamwe nihungabana. Buri gutangira no guhagarara ni uruziga, uruziga rwagati. Umuhogo, umwobo wo hepfo hamwe na rim byose bifite imihangayiko itandukanye. Amavuta asabwa kugira imbaraga nyinshi zo gutanga umusaruro, gukomera gukomeye kandi nta sensibilité yubushyuhe bwa serivisi; Coefficient yo kwagura umurongo muto; Okiside imwe n'imwe irwanya ruswa; Imikorere myiza yo guca.
4. Ikirere cyo mu kirere
Superalloy muri moteri ya roketi yamazi ikoreshwa nkibikoresho byo guteramo amavuta ya chambre yaka mucyumba cyo guteramo; Turbine pompe inkokora, flange, grafit rudder yihuta, nibindi. Turbine pomp inkokora, flange, grafite ya rudder yihuta, nibindi GH4169 ikoreshwa nkibikoresho bya rotor rotine, shaft, amaboko ya shaft, yihuta nibindi bice byingenzi bitwara.
Turbine rotor ibikoresho bya moteri ya roketi yo muri Amerika yibanda cyane cyane harimo imiyoboro yo gufata, icyuma cya turbine na disiki. GH1131 ikoreshwa cyane mubushinwa, kandi icyuma cya turbine giterwa nubushyuhe bwakazi. Inconel x, Alloy713c, Astroloy na Mar-M246 bigomba gukoreshwa bikurikiranye; Ibikoresho bya disiki yibiziga birimo Inconel 718, Waspaloy, nibindi GH4169 na GH4141 turbine integral ikoreshwa cyane, naho GH2038A ikoreshwa mumashanyarazi.