Nickel, icyuma gikomeye, gifite umweru nk'ifeza, gifite akamaro kenshi mu nganda zitandukanye. Imwe muri izo nganda ni urwego rwa bateri, aho nikeli ikoreshwa cyane mu gukora bateri zishobora kongera gukoreshwa, harimo n'izikoreshwa mu modoka zikoresha amashanyarazi. Urundi rwego rukoresha nikeli cyane ni urwego rw'indege, aho aloyi za nikeli zifite isuku nyinshi zikoreshwa mu gukora moteri z'indege n'ibindi bice by'ingenzi bisaba ubushyuhe bwinshi n'imbaraga nyinshi.
Mu myaka ya vuba aha, habayeho ukwiyongera k'ubwiyongere bw'ibiciro bya aloyi za nikeli bitewe n'iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga rikomeje kwiyongera ndetse n'ubwiyongere bw'ibiciro by'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi n'ingufu zishobora kongera gukoreshwa ku isi. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ibiciro bya nikeli byakomeje kwiyongera, abasesenguzi bateganya ko iyi gahunda izakomeza mu myaka iri imbere.
Raporo ya ResearchAndMarkets.com ivuga ko isoko ry’ibikomoka kuri nikeli ku isi ryitezwe kwiyongera ku gipimo cy’ubwiyongere bw’umwaka (CAGR) cya 4.85% mu gihe cya 2020-2025. Iyi raporo ivuga ko ikoreshwa ry’ibikomoka kuri nikeli rikomeje kwiyongera mu nganda zitandukanye, harimo iby’indege, imodoka, peteroli na gaze, ari byo bituma iri zamuka. Kimwe mu bintu by’ingenzi bituma ibikomoka kuri nikeli bikenerwa ni ukwiyongera kw’ibinyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi (EVs).
Nickel ni ingenzi mu gukora bateri za EV kandi ikoreshwa mu gukora bateri za nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) zikoresha imodoka nyinshi zivanze. Ariko, gukundwa cyane kw'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi yose byitezwe ko bizatuma icyifuzo cya nickel cyiyongera cyane. Bateri za Lithium-ion, zikoreshwa mu modoka nyinshi zikoresha amashanyarazi yose, zikenera ijanisha ryinshi rya nickel mu miterere yazo ugereranije na bateri za NiMH. Ubukene bw'ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu burimo kongera ubwinshi bw'ingufu za nickel.
Nickel ikoreshwa mu gukora turbine z'umuyaga, zigenda zikundwa cyane nk'isoko y'ingufu zishobora kongera gukoreshwa. Alloys zishingiye kuri nickel zikoreshwa mu bice by'ingenzi bya turbine z'umuyaga, harimo n'ibyuma, bihura n'umuvuduko mwinshi n'ingufu bitewe no guhura n'ikirere. Indi sosiyete yitezweho kuzamura ubwinshi bw'alloys za nickel ni inganda z'indege.
Ibyuma bikozwe muri nikeli bikoreshwa cyane muri moteri z'indege, aho bitanga ubushyuhe bwinshi n'imbaraga nyinshi. Byongeye kandi, ibyuma bikozwe muri nikeli bikoreshwa mu gukora ibyuma bya turbine n'ibindi bice bisaba imbaraga nyinshi no kuramba. Ubukene bw'ibyuma bikozwe muri nikeli burimo kandi guterwa n'iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga mu nganda nko gukora inyongeramusaruro. Abashakashatsi barimo gukora ibyuma bishya bikozwe muri nikeli bitanga imbaraga nziza, kurwanya ingese, no kurwanya ubushyuhe, bigatuma biba byiza gukoreshwa mu icapiro rya 3D n'izindi nzira zigezweho zo gukora. Nubwo hari ukwiyongera k'ubukene bw'ibyuma bikozwe muri nikeli, hari impungenge ku bijyanye no kuramba kw'inganda. Gucukura no gutunganya nikeli bishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku bidukikije, kandi ibikorwa byo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro bishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku mibereho myiza n'ubukungu ku baturage. Bityo rero, hakenewe gushaka nikeli no gushyira mu bikorwa ibikorwa birambye mu nganda.
Mu gusoza, icyifuzo cy’ingufu za nikeli byitezwe ko kizakomeza kuzamuka, bitewe n’ikoreshwa ry’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi rikomeje kwiyongera, ingufu zishobora kongera gukoreshwa, ndetse n’inganda zikora mu kirere. Nubwo ibi bitanga amahirwe menshi yo gukura ku nganda zikora nikeli, hakenewe uburyo burambye bwo gukomeza kugira ngo inganda zikomeze kubaho igihe kirekire.
Inconel 625 ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda zitunganya imiti bitewe nuko irwanya ingese mu bidukikije bikomeye, harimo aside na alkaline. Ikunze gukoreshwa mu bikorwa nko mu byuma bihindura ubushyuhe, imiyoboro y'ibinyabutabire, n'imiyoboro y'amazi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 24 Mata 2023